Traumatic Shoulder Injury Rugby Union Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(292) In Antereoinferior GHJ disengagements the humeral caput is constrained down through the insufficient mediocre container and anteriorly because of the boney squares of the acromial procedure, coracoid technique and its tie ining tendon following in a total tear and break of the case in most instances. Delegated a hit games by numerous athleticss sawboness the idea of Rugby Union results in relatively high paces of awful damages contrasted with different athleticss ( Sundaram et. al 2010 ) . Epidemiologic Injury Incidence Rates ( IIR ) show that members who miss at any rate 24hrs of sports scope from 69-218 occurrences for each 1000hrs of dramatization, with progressively genuine IIRs being recorded each piece habitually as 13. We will compose a custom exposition test on Horrendous Shoulder Injury Rugby Union Health And Social Care Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now 26-13.95/1000hrs ( McManus et al. 2004, Garraway et Al. 1995 ) . New Australian epidemiological examination of a major accomplice of 1475 rugger members over all degrees of rivalry ( School kid, novice, foundation, proficient ) have discovered that 14-28 % of whole rugger harms include the upper appendage ( McManus et al 2008, Usman 2012 ) , explicitly 66 % or an IIR of 13.12/1000hrs happening to the shoulder enunciation with damages, for example, ; Anterior Dislocations and breaks ( Usman et al 2012 ) .These upper appendage harms have been related with the longest clasp out of show, evaluated as multiple matches/28days or more, in the Australian study ( Usman et al 2012 ) . The entirety of this data demonstrates that upper appendage harms have a truly elevated pervasiveness in the sports and are other than rather draining. In contrasting with IIRs related with rugger members, everyone paces of Anterior disturbance are each piece low as 1.7 % ( Boone 2010 ) .Considering this dissimil arity in measurable occurring between the 2 populaces, the incapacitating idea of this hurt to rugby members and the way that it is very prone to appear in a physical issue puting I have decided to focus the equalization of this paper on Anterior Dislocations of the shoulder. Life systems and Mechanisms Preceding talking the component of hurt engaged with this rugger related pathology, it is of import to chief indicate what comprises the typical anatomical developments of the shoulder verbalization. Ordinary Anatomy The shoulder verbalization takes into account the most expanded extents of movements ( ROM ) in the full natural structure, due mainly to the structure of the GlenoHumeral Joint ( GHJ ) composite. This enormous opportunity of movement relies upon stableness of the joint to remain dynamic and is accomplished by the idle and dynamic stabilizers: Inert stabilizers incorporate ; the glenoid labrum which builds the otic contact nation by up to 50 % , the outward coracoacromial curve and inborn tendons connecting the humeral caput and the shoulder bone. Dynamic stabilizers incorporate ; the rotator turnup musculuss referred to mutually as SITS. Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor and Subscapularis. The GHJ and its related developments are innervated by the suprascapular, sidelong pecs and alar nervousnesss. The two gatherings referenced above work in simultaneousness to keep up the humeral caput in close enunciation with the glenoid pit and gracefully significant stableness so as to flexibly a normally working verbalization. ( Moore et al. 2009 ) System of Injury As rugger is a hit games with a few members at rapid commonly associated with any one occurrence, it is extremely hard to decide one positive system of hurt. When addressed members are much of the time dark within informations of the component, yet it is accounted for that contact ( for example tackle condition of affairss ) is answerable for 70 % of GHJ harms ( Usman et al 2012 ) with foul dramatization just being liable for 6 % ( Crichton et al. 2012 ) .This is nothing unexpected as handling has been demonstrated to be a significant segment of the game with around 330 episodes for every game ( Sundaram et al 2010 ) . Strangely in any case embraced when estimated with the use of power tablets does non practice a high bounty power to do damage to the developments in the shoulder. Usman et Al ( 2011 ) estimated legitimate procedure tackle powers using prevailing and non-predominant shoulders both in the lab and on the field. The discoveries showed that endeavor simply created a large portion of the entirety of power important to do horrendous damage to the shoulder. In this manner there is more components to the system of GHJ hurt than simply power through endeavor altogether. In this way surveies have made use of picture investigation to reevaluate a major base of GHJ harms so as to set up a system of hurt. It was discovered that there are three old style places ( c. f. informative supplement I ) in which GHJ happens in rugger ; The attempt scorer: plunging and making with the arm flexed above 90A ° Tackler: Abducted arm driven behind the member with a resulting back power Direct Impact: Impact to bear from hit or land. Marginally flexed or unoriginal with some interior turning movement ( Crichton et al 2012 ) The Try-scorer and tackler were the most widely recognized gatherings for labral and humeral caput harms occurring in Antereoinferior GHJ disturbances, as the caput of the humerus is influenced by a switch activity from power transmitted through the arm in an inappropriate spot ( Crichton et al 2012 ) . This delineates it is non undertaking that is the reason for hurt however more so off-base method during a tackle or in contact with the land. The start of this inappropriate method is probably going to be because of tire occurring during the game. Handling was demonstrated to be an exhausting action as less power was created with each tackle rehash when estimated ( Usman et al. 2011 ) Fatigue has other than been appeared to hold a negative outcome on a muscle head ‘s propioception or joint spot sense ( JPS ) . As exhaustion expansion mechanoreceptors around the GHJ musculuss can non precisely depict JPS. Thusly during contact the muscle head will non hold their GHJ in the ideal spot to ingest the power resulting in hurt, for example, those depicted above from less adequate handling ( Herrington 2008 and 2010, Sundaram et al 2010, Usman et al 2011 ) .Repetitive over-burdening of the latent stabilizers through wrong endeavor method can other than do ineptitude of the GHJ taking to smaller scale injury over clasp lastly sprain/separation of the joint ( Goldberg et al 2003 ) .Other peril factors that have other than been demonstrated to loan factors incorporate ; achievement, playing experience, hardware, old damages, playing spot and level of rivalry ( Usman et al 2011 ) Pathoanatomy In Antereoinferior GHJ separations the humeral caput is constrained down through the insufficient substandard container and anteriorly because of the boney squares of the acromial procedure, coracoid strategy and its tie ining tendon resulting in a total tear and break of the case in many occasions. Similarly great as the ligamentous case hurt there is other than related mischief to both delicate tissue and bone ( Thomas et al 2007 ) . As for delicate tissue injury the most well-known pathoanatomy of delicate tissue is a Bankart sore ( Boone et al 2010 ) . This is a withdrawal of the anteroinferior Labrum and Inferior GH tendon with a farther 50 % of these appearing with related break of the Anterior edge of the glenoid pit ( Boone et al 2010 ) . Both of these happen when the humeral caput is constrained out of the pit during interruption. On the off chance that non rewarded modestly, these sores will take to an incessant unsteadiness in the cultivated shoulder, taking to repetitive interruptions as is seen in 21.5 % of frequencies during the main lucifer after come back to play ( Usman et al 2012 ) . Lasting disturbances are regular in rugger because of a figure of elements, for example, early come back to play, non-careful intercession with stableness and different components referenced above in systems. Repeat causes the figure of developments included and the disagreeableness to expand dramatically.The figure of Anterioinferior labral injuries expansion ( Doo-sup et al. , 2010 ) , Osseous Bankart sores other than increment up to 56-86 % with perpetual dislocators joined with a 67-100 % likeliness of other than holding a Hill-Sachs break ( Boone et al. , 2010, Beran et al. , 2010 ) . Slopes Sachs sores happen on the postereo-horizontal caput of the humerus as it impacts on the glenoid pit. Introduction History On appearing to An A ; E the patient will more than likely depict one of the three situations above, saying that their arm was stole and remotely pivoted at the clasp of contact. They will other than depict to holding felt a blooper and â€Å" dead † shoulder after the occurrence ( Goldberg et al. , 2003 ) . The other boss side effect appearing with an incoherent shoulder are horrible harming and decreased extent of motion. The patient will other than keep their arm protected in little snatching and outer turning movement. Assessment Articulation: The patient will hope to hold tiny ROM while discasing. The shoulder will look â€Å" squared off † with loss of deltoid form. Feel: The humeral caput is unmistakable anteriorly in the subcoracoid part. It is other than of import to contrast two-sided spiral throbs with oversee out vascular hurt and to demonstrate the alar nervus in the ‘regimental identification mark ‘ over the deltoid reciprocally. Move: Active movement ; the patient can't complete Apley ‘s scraped spot preliminary, for example contact inverse shoulder, inverse shoulder bone, back of the cervix. In Passive movement the patient will oppose kidnapping and interior rotational movement. Creative mind: This must be never really out differential diagnosings of clavicular or humeral breaks. A shoulder injury arrangement ought to other than be requested Pre and Post decline. An AP or alar X raies are the most reasonable for Anterior disturbances. Post decline motion pictures are exceptionally of import as 37.5 % of

Research in Nursing Qualitative Researches

Question: Examine about the Research in Nursingfor Qualitative Researches. Answer: Contrasting Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches Research Question- Subjective examines are exploratory in nature as its principle design is to examine the method of reasoning behind an examination point. Then again, quantitative research concentrates more on characterizing highlights and leading measurable examination to clarify the wonder of examination. The examination question for quantitative research varies dependent on expressive, similar or connection based examination. Questions are confined in quantitative research by distinguishing various sorts of variable in a point and composing the issue or issue the exploration will examine as question (Punch, 2013).The subjective research question decides how much an examination explains a wonder and the exploration question center around why and how of any marvel (Agee, 2009). The examination question for leading a subjective research exploring the experience of despondency in youths is What sort of lived understanding of misery is found in young people somewhere in the range of 11 and 17 years with mellow to extreme wretchedness?. Test Recruitment- In subjective research, examining strategy should be possible by non-likelihood testing, for example, purposive inspecting, snow ball inspecting and standard testing. In subjective research, purposive testing is utilized to choose members who speak to a wide scope of point of view or who meet explicit standards. Consequently, the upside of purposive testing strategy is that it target explicit populace which can give understanding about the examination point. In any case, the shortcoming of this strategy for testing enrollment is that there is possibility of biasness as the example has been chosen dependent on the judgment of specialist and their judgment might not have clear models (Palinkas et al., 2015). Rather than subjective research, quantitative research testing is finished by likelihood inspecting where test is methodicallly chosen from a known populace and the example speak to an objective populace. The four kind of likelihood examining method incorporate arbitrary testing, delineated irregular inspecting, bunch inspecting and methodical examining. In likelihood inspecting, the number of inhabitants in intrigue is chosen first and probabilistic calculation is utilized to choose the example. To get the outcome, the reactions from the example are joined dependent on determination probabilities. The benefit of likelihood examining in inquire about is that it is financially savvy approach and less-tedious contrasted with purposive testing method. Subsequently, in non-likelihood test, the choice methodology is explicit while in likelihood inspecting the choice methodology is irregular (Denscombe, 2014). For the subjective research of understanding of gloom in youths, test will be taken by purposive examining strategy and member who been alluded to psychological well-being administrations in London for wretchedness will be taken. The consideration measures for test enrollment will incorporate moderate to serious misery and age between 11-17 years. Information Collection- Subjective information assortment is finished by semi-organized or unstructured methods to reveal contemplations and feeling about a procedure. This should be possible by individual or gathering meeting, center gatherings and perception. The quality of subjective information assortment technique is that scientist can manage the inquiry address and assess issues in detail. As subjective research information is picked up from human experience, solid information is gotten contrasted with quantitative research and the analyst has the achievability to update inquire about when new realities develop. Anyway , the confinement of the subjective research is that information translation process is deferred because of the amount of date and privacy issue additionally emerge during distributing the aftereffects of the examination (Katz, 2015). As quantitative research attempts to evaluate perspectives, experience, conduct and different factors in an example populace, the information assortment is finished by online study or portable reviews, phone talk with, eye to eye meet, online surveys and longitudinal examination. The quality of quantitative information assortment technique is that it depends on unmistakable measurements and it assists with breaking information dependent on change such distinction in age gatherings. Subsequently, quantitative information assortment approach underpins simple translation of information and measurable noteworthiness assists with discovering genuine outcomes. The constraint of quantitative research is that an excessive number of information can't be gotten from organized information assortment instruments and information gathered from self-reports might be erroneous (Rubin Babbie, 2016). To gather information on lived understanding of youthful in sadness, a subjective meeting will be done and the semi-organized meeting procedure will investigate the accompanying regions related tp misery What challenges carried you to emotional wellness administrations? How they would they be able to comprehend the trouble and inconvenience in life because of misery? How you attempt to adapt to discouragement? What is your desire from psychological wellness administration? Information Analysis- Subjective research information can be investigated by order of information dependent on distinct record or by interpretive examination through coding information. The coding procedure in information examination is open, hub and specific and normal topics start to develop by classifying, arranging and recombining the subjects. Investigation should likewise be possible dependent on ethnography, phenomenology and grounded hypothesis. Subjective information examination is helpful in investigate as it looks further into sentiments and conduct and gives a basis in regards to why individuals respond in specific manners. Notwithstanding, constraint in examination is seen on the grounds that information assortment process is tedious thus little example size is set aside to decrease cost and effort for inquire about. Subsequently, as the example size is little, it is preposterous to expect to sum up the consequence of the examination (Smith et al., 2015). Quantitative information investigation is done to help or negate examine theory and the examination is impacted by level of estimation, for example, ostensible, ordinal, interim and proportion information. Information examination is finished by information classification, disaggregating the information and applying advance systematic techniques, for example, relationship, relapse and investigation of change. The benefit of quantitative information examination approach is that it advances the speculation of result because of enormous example size and lead to more prominent objectivity and precision in look into. Quantitative technique likewise permits examination across classes with other comparable investigations. The impediment is that assortment of smaller informational index yield better outcomes (Suen Ary, 2014). For inquire about on understanding of discouragement in young people, structure information examination will be utilized to oversee and dissect huge number of information. The information will be examined by tuning in to meeting and understanding transcripts. The information will be sorted out by deliberately coding the information in various classes. The date in every classification will at that point be summed up and mapped to decipher the information (Midgley et al., 2015). Discoveries and Generalizations- Subjective research techniques are progressively adaptable and results discoveries might be exploratory, enlightening or illustrative. The legitimacy of the examination finding can be dictated by the exactness of portrayal of the wonder and legitimacy is kept up through consistent correlation or triangulation system. Thus the quality of the finding is that the information got is amazing and solid and there is less possibility of missing any complexities in look into. The shortcoming in result emerges when the volume of information is excessively huge and nature of research is reliant on singular abilities of the analyst (Anderson, 2010). Quantitative research yields numerical information behind a wonder and it assists with discovering connection among needy and autonomous variable inside a populace. The test or expressive research configuration helps in assessing causal relationship and summing up ideas. The introduction of the information through outlines and charts helps in giving lucidity with respect to examine issue. The constraint in finding is that mistake in speculation may yield wrong discoveries (Lewis, 2015). If there should arise an occurrence of subjective research concentrate on youths with gloom will give various topics identified with results, for example, wretchedness, despair, social separation, sway on instruction and business and outrage and brutality (Midgley et al., 2015). Grounded Theory Approach and Qualitative Research Grounded hypothesis is the methodical way to deal with subjective research meant to develop hypothesis dependent on information examination. By this methodology, analyst gathers information, audits them and labels primary idea into various codes. During the information assortment and examination stage, center hypothetical ideas are recognized by creating linkage with the date and the primary ideas. The assortment of various codes and classes helps in the improvement of center level hypotheses emerging from information investigation. Consequently, the rationale behind the utilization of grounded hypothesis in subjective research is to fabricate a hypothesis on a wonder of intrigue dependent on information examination (Morse et al., 2016). The grounded hypothesis configuration is valuable in subjective examination since it advances calculated investigation of subjective and legitimizes logical enquiry process. Grounded hypothesis is utilized in theme where an expansive clarification is required for a procedure and existing speculations about the marvel isn't satisfactory. Henceforth it assists with contemplating a procedure or a wonder (Lewis, S. (2015). By the steady similar strategy, a marvel is chosen and scarcely any nearby ideas around the wonder is distinguished. To gather information, this type of research starts with hypothetical testing where open-finished examining procedure, for example, interviews are done and afterward it moves to an engaged example bunch during the iterative procedure of information assortment and examination. The reason for hypothetical testing is t

A timeline of SIPAs defining moments COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A timeline of SIPAs defining moments COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Founded in 1946, the School of International and Public Affairs has evolved greatly over seven decades, adding students, faculty, programs, areas of study, academic centers, and even the tallest building on Columbia University’s Morningside Campus. After 70 years, what remains unchanged is the School’s missionâ€"to serve the global public interest by educating students to serve and lead and by producing and sharing new knowledge on the critical public policy challenges facing the world, today and in the future. We hope you enjoy this selection of highlights from SIPA’s rich history. 1948 SIPA’s first students In 1946 the School of International Affairs (as it was then known) enrolled its first students. The first class graduated in 1948. 1951 Dwight Eisenhower took special interest in SIPA when he was Columbia’s president In 1951, then University president Dwight D. Eisenhower established the Institute of War and Peace Studies. Many of SIPA’s affiliated centers were established in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. 1960 SIPA’s growth led to construction of the IAB in the late 1960s The School’s growth created need for more space to accommodate faculty and students. Designed by the same architect as the UN Building, the International Affairs Building was completed in 1970 and formally dedicated in 1971. 1966- Over the years, the International Fellows program has connected students to prominent leaders. Established in 1960, the IF program brings students together from Columbia’s multiple graduate schools. Senator Robert F. Kennedy (center right) was an early visitor. 1979 The School updated its name to reflect creation of the MPA program After starting the MPA program in 1977, the School changed its name in 1979 to reflect its expanded mission. 1985 Welcoming World Leaders to SIPA SIPA has long welcomed to campus world leaders like PM Rajiv Gandhi of India (right), who gave the annual Silver lecture in 1985. 1989 Henry Kissinger discusses the War Powers Act SIPA often convenes conferences and forums on important global and national policy issues. The former secretary of state was joined in 1989 by Joe Biden, then a U.S. senator from Delaware. 1995 Al Gore and David Dinkins flank Dean John Ruggie at the inaugural Dinkins Forum More than 20 years later, the annual gathering still serves as a vehicle for discussing major urban policy issues. Vice President Al Gore (left) was among the keynote speakers in the forum’s first year. 1997 SIPA students learn from the global classroom New York City hosts important events like the Korean Four-Way Talks. SIPA students benefit from proximity to the events and institutions they study. 2000 Adding New Programs In the 2000s, SIPA welcomed its first EMPA students and also initiated the PhD program in sustainable development, which would observe its 10-year anniversary in 2014. (The PhD anniversary gathering is pictured.) 2012 A Rare Visit SIPA students continue to travel around the world for Capstones workshops and other educational programs. In 2012, Elisabeth Lindenmayer led the first group of students to visit North Korea under the auspices of an American university program. 2012 The Center on Global Economic Governance, led by Professor Jan Svejnar, convened a panel of faculty experts for its launch CGEG studies the implications of an increasingly interconnected global economy for the United States and the world. 2013 The Center on Global Energy Policy is one of several academic centers launched since 2010 In the last five years, SIPA has launched four new academic centers. Mayor Michael Bloomberg was on hand for the 2013 celebration of the new Center on Global Energy Policy. 2015 SIPA celebrates the inauguration of the new Raj Center on Indian Economic Policies The Raj Center is the first academic center in the United States devoted to India and its economy, and the newest center at the School. 2015 Caroline Kennedy addressed graduating students in May 2015 Caroline Kennedy, U.S. ambassador to Japan, speaks at SIPA’s 2015 graduation ceremony. From an initial class of just a few dozen, the School now enrolls more than a thousand full-and part-time students in multiple degree programs and tracks.

Gambling Effects On The American Economy - 1671 Words

Gambling Effects on the American Economy American people like games and entertainment, and one of these games is gambling. According to crops online, a gambling website (2009), gambling is classified as an old game taking place in China back around 2300 B.C. Then around 100 D.C., King of Norway and King of Sweden resolved the District of Hising property by using two dice. In the Mediterranean countries, the deck of card was developed, and especially the French altered the deck by pulling out a man and adding a queen. In nineteen century, the US citizens started playing gambling in a casino and house cuts in Cincinnati City and paying ten per cent to the house cuts (History of Gambling). Since then, the casinos have started spreading throughout the country, and nowadays, the casinos are in many states of the US where a lot of people spend their vacation either alone or with the family and enjoy their time. Moreover, the lottery is a different type of gambling. According to North Ameri can Association of State and Provincial Lotteries (NASPL), a lottery’s website, the lottery started in China around 100 BC, then the Belgian used lotteries to build chapels, almshouses, canals and port facilities in 1465, whereupon New York became the first state that authorized lottery in the United States in 1967 (Remember to Play). There are many viewpoints about gambling where some people consider that gambling has many benefits and supports the US economy, while others believe that it is aShow MoreRelatedThe Positive Fiscal Influence Of Gambling On The American Economy1084 Words   |  5 PagesPasstime The positive fiscal influence of gambling on the American economy, both locally and at the federal level, minimizes its negative aspects. The advantages of gambling are numerous and the revenue gained lends aid to a diverse group of programs from education to infrastructure. With advances in technology gambling is more lucrative than ever and is a source of jobs for millions of people as well as major source of income for the nation’s Native American tribes. Major tourist destinations suchRead MorePros And Cons Of Gambling1282 Words   |  6 PagesPros/Cons of Gambling Gambling definition- â€Å"The betting or staking of something of value, with consciousness of risk and hope of gain, on the outcome of a game, a contest, or an uncertain event whose result may be determined by chance or accident or have an unexpected result by reason of the bettor’s miscalculation.† Some gambling games are craps, roulette, baccarat, blackjack, and trente et quarante. Some of the things people bet on are horse racing, dog racing, and dog and rat fights. CasinosRead MoreThe Effects of Gambling on Society1594 Words   |  7 PagesAs gambling becomes more and more prevalent in todays society, one must look at the positive and negative aspects of the construction of casinos and other gambling establishments. While casinos have been shown to benefit local economies by creating jobs and generating tax revenues, they also lead to many social problems such as increased suicide, crime, accident, and high-school drop out rates. For example, in Indiana, a stud y shows its ten riverboat casinos are to blame for $1 million worth ofRead MoreEssay on Casinos1252 Words   |  6 Pages Casinos have become a form of entertainment for millions of Americans. In fact, Las Vegas, considered to be the home of casino gambling, is third only to Disneyworld and New York for tourism with 260 million visitors yearly. While it is true that casinos generate billions of dollars in revenues hardly any of that makes it back to the local economy as promised by the lobbyists to have casinos built in a city. Effects on local economies include construction jobs are created as well as hospitalityRead MoreEssay on Harmful Effects of Legalized Gambling1644 Words   |  7 PagesHarmful Effects of Legalized Gambling Gambling is prominent in todays society. This can be seen especially through politics. Everywhere voters are electing people to office who are pro gambling. William Thompson of the University of Nevada (1994) describes politicians by stating, Its part of the American landscape, theyll trade morality for dollars (1). In North and South Carolina, for example, the last governor election showed that the people were for legal gambling by voting in governorsRead MoreGambling Surrounding The Asian And American Asian Communities1586 Words   |  7 Pages Gambling in Macau Gambling has made immense impacts on the everyday lives of a countless amount of people. Somehow this western pastime has integrated and almost taken control of the Asian and American Asian communities. The gambling issue within the Asian culture has affected families, and individuals in such drastic ways. Within the last few years we have seen an immense outburst of gambling in Macau, which is now the gambling capital of the world. Along with the recent outburst of gamblingRead MoreThe American Gaming Association ( Aga )1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Gaming Association (AGA) is an organization that focuses on â€Å"creating a better understanding of the gaming entertainment industry by bringing facts about the industry to the general public, elected officials, other decision makers and the media through education and advocacy† (â€Å"About the AGA†). According to the AGA, Nevada is the only state where legal betting on sports can take place. Delaware and New Jersey have taken steps towards legalizing sport betting; however, many are againstRead MoreThe Legalization Of The Gambling Industry878 Words   |  4 PagesThe gambling industry is growing rapidly in the United States as gambling has become increasingly more socially acceptable than it has been in the past. Many state governments, such as Nevada, have encouraged gambling as a key source of revenue, even more so after the recession we suffered in the late 2000s. Casino hotels, which account for the majority of industry revenue, have generally become larger in markets like Las Vegas, many generating annual revenue of about $500 million, according to theRead MoreBenefits Of Gambling Among College Students1147 Words   |  5 PagesGambling Among College Students Gambling is risking money or something of value on uncertain events driven by chance. Most people see gambling as just another form of fun. Gambling often becomes a sensitive issue for the gambler and their family. This is especially important to consider, since the practice of gambling among college students is constantly growing with the rise of internet-based gambling.Though gambling is legal in many states, it does not make it right for people to engage in suchRead MoreLas Vegas Gambling Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesLas Vegas Gambling â€Å"Las Vegas looks the way youd imagine heaven must look at night† states New York Times best selling novelist, Chuck Palahniuk. (1) He has a point. Las Vegas is, in a way, an American Mecca -- a national tourist hotspot filled with resorts, gambling, shopping, dining, drinking, sporting, nightlife and most other things entertainment. Las Vegas is the fastest growing city and fastest growing job market in the United States. (source?) The city, a sort of massive adult carnival

Allegory and Symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “Young...

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an excellent example of the use of allegories and symbolism as a form of satire on Puritan faith. According to Frank Preston Stearns, author of The Life and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Hawthorne may have intended this story as an exposure of the inconsistency, and consequent hypocrisy, of Puritanism† (Stearns 181). Throughout the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Hawthorne tries to infuse as many symbols and allegories as he can to enhance the overall meaning of his story. He uses the village, Goodman Brown, Faith, the man in the forest, and the time spent in the forest as either a symbol or an allegory to get his point across that Puritans are not always what they seem to be. One of†¦show more content†¦Once the audience is aware of these two pieces of information they can infer that the allegory Hawthorne is writing about is how he sees faith transitioning from a young faith to a n adult faith of a Puritan. Brown in the beginning of the story is a â€Å"young† Puritan with young faith, but by the end of the story he has changed into an adult and does not know if he has faith anymore. Although Brown’s faith is questionable the books states that he continues to pray and go to church (Hawthorne 337), which would be considered hypocritical to some. If Brown’s name is exchanged with Hawthorne’s the readers can see why he saw the Puritans hypocritical and why he left his faith. Notably Faith, the protagonist’s wife, plays a huge role as an allegory and a symbol throughout Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† In this story Faith’s name plays as an allegory. At first this could easily be missed because it sounds like a common name for a woman, but once the readers get further into the story they realize that her name plays an enormous role in the story’s plot. Faith’s name symbolizes Brow n’s faith in God. In the story when Brown meets the man in the forest the man says, â€Å"You are late Goodman Brown,† and Brown replies, â€Å"Faith kept me back awhile† (Hawthorne 330). At this point of the story the audience knows forShow MoreRelatedShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne851 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne Introduction Hawthornes short story Young Goodman Brown is a tale of innocence lost. Set in New England during the Puritan era, the protagonist, Goodman Brown, goes for a walk in the woods one night and meets the devil who tells him. Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness. Welcome again, to the communion of your race. According to Levin this story is a condemnation of the hypocrisy of the puritan ethic. The Salem witch trialsRead More Essay on Symbols, Symbolism, and Allegory in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown726 Words   |  3 PagesSymbols, Symbolism, and Allegory in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Symbolism is a literary technique that is used to clarify the authors intent. Sometimes it is used to great effect, while other times it only seems to muddle the meaning of a passage. In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses objects and people as symbols to allegorically reveal his message to the reader. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses different people as symbols throughout Young Goodman Brown. The largest symbolicRead MoreThe Writings Of Nathaniel Hawthorne And Flannery O Connor1022 Words   |  5 Pagesthem. Authors like Nathaniel Hawthorne and Flannery O’Connor, writings often include many allegories and symbols to religious faiths. Nathaniel Hawthorne comes from a bloodline that is associated with the Salem witch trials in 1692. His great-great-grandfather was a puritan that took part in the executions during the witch trilas, explaining Hawthorne’s fondness with the religion. Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his interest in the News England Puritan past. Most of Hawthorne’s writings implementRead MoreAllegory in Young Goodman Brown Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes short story Young Goodman Brown is an excellent example of an allegory. Allegories use events, characters or symbolism as a bizarre or abstract representation of ideas in the story, and throughout Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne uses a heavy amount of symbolism, as well as his characters and the events of the story line to develop a religious allegory. A large symbolic role is played by protagonist Goodman Browns wife, Faith. Also, the main event in the short story, BrownsRead MoreAnalysis Of Young Goodman Brown1179 W ords   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is an odd story with a deeper meaning than is apparent on the surface. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† in 1835 with what seems like the intentions of gothic and romance features. However, looking further into the story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† it is clear to see that there is a possibility that the imagery displayed can lead to some interesting theories behind Hawthornes purpose, imagery, and symbolism in the text. Throughout the story, HawthorneRead MoreThe 200 Year Old Man1167 Words   |  5 PagesThe 200-Year-Old Man: How Nathaniel Hawthorne Maintained a 17th Century Puritan Allegory Nathaniel Hawthorne, born â€Å"Nathaniel Hathorne† until he added a â€Å"w† to his birth name years later, was a prominent American Novelist that lived during the 19th century. Hawthorne was considered a dark romantic, and often â€Å"undertook the mission of exploring the darker side of humanity† in his short stories and novels. (Wright 3) Hawthorne descended from an ancestry tracing back many generations full of devoutRead More Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most criticism and reflection of Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown centers on a good versus evil theme. Critics also debate interpretations of the main characters consciousness; is Brown awake or dreaming.   What is certain is that he lives and dies in pain because his belief in his righteousness isolates him from his community.   It is also certain that Hawthornes interpretation of Browns mid-lifeRead More How Young Goodman Brown Became Old Badman Brown Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne was a nineteenth-century American writer of the Romantic Movement. Born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1804, he was one of those rare writers who drew critical acclaim during his lifetime. Hawthorne used Salem as a setting for most of his stories, such as The Scarlet Letter, The Blithedale Romance, and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Today, readers still appreciate Hawthornes work for its storytelling qualities and for the moral and theological questions it raises. Nathaniel HawthornesRead MoreThe Dichotomy of Self Reliance and Conformity1169 Words   |  5 Pagesmasterpieces were contrived during this period of enlightenment, including Nathaniel Hawthorne’s dramatically thematic and ambiguous short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, as well as Ralph Waldo Emerson’s intriguingly influential and up lifting essay, â€Å"Self-Reliance†. Hawthorne’s writing aspires to implicate theories and themes about the reality of the world we live in and to illustrate our individual limitations through the art of symbolism and irony. Emerson uses a unique approach in his writing, endeavoringRead More The Symbolism of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2725 Words   |  11 PagesThe Symbolism of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† shows the reader the author’s power as a symbolist.    Frederick C. Crews in â€Å"The Logic of Compulsion in ‘Roger Malvin’s Burial’† explores the symbology that prevails in Hawthorne’s best short stories:    . . . I chose this one tale to analyze because it illustrates the indispensability, and I should even say the priority, of understanding the literal psychological dramas

Persuasive Essay Topics Sports Reviews & Tips

Persuasive Essay Topics Sports Reviews & Tips Anything you may think of that will assist the content writers do their job better is always excellent. If somebody is asking, then there are most likely a lot more people that are wondering the exact same thing. Any idea can prove to be a terrific foundation for a topic. At the exact same time, it's a fantastic persuasive essay idea. The significant distinction is that the argumentative essay should demonstrate a discussion rather than a single opinion. Persuasive essays are a really good means to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. If you opt to work on a financial subject, you must know about the subject. Deciding upon the correct topic for a persuasive speech can be not such an easy issue to do as it might appear. After completing all steps of the pre-writing procedure, you're prepared to proceed to make the outline. Your business will get even more successful. Business letters ought to be understandable, be in a position to communicate just what should be done, or state communication in an extremely clear method. The company letter ought to be written in block style. Things You Should Know About Persuasive Essay Topics Sports Textbooks are obsolete and needs to be replaced by iPads. Students are accustomed to the fact which their professors give them with the as signment's topic. Why it's important to learn public speaking. Some students might find it really hard to compose an essay only because they have not done it before or since they aren't aware with a particular structure. Although most students regard essay writing as a dull and hard assignment, it isn't necessarily accurate. Naturally there's much more to the essay than only the opening but a terrific essay is going to have good opening. With our pool of writers, you'll have plenty of essay topics on sports to pick from. Obviously, it's the topics you may have a tiny laugh about! There are many intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to consider about doing it. Schools should not have a thing to do with ads. Argue that public higher education has to be free for everybody. Many students think that it is a waste of time. Some rules in soccer needs to be reconsidered. If you're given an essay on the topic you can have hundreds of events to pick from such as curling to polo. There are a lot of things you can do in order to help kids involved in athletics. College soccer teams should get an opportunity to seek the services of professional coaches. It is quite easy to play in role in protecting youth sports in the usa. The remarkable thing about sports is there are so many. Select a sport and argue that it's the very best sport. Normally, you wouldn't have the ability to write about a whole sport in only 1 essay even when you wished to. Persuasive Essay Topics Sports Can Be Fun for Everyone It may be intriguing to talk about the value of sports in student's life and deal with a few of the problems that college students face in college. If you are able to write a really convincing piece on a real-world application utilizing unique facts and research, then your odds of receiving admission to a top level university will certainly grow! If you would like to deal with some more intricate issues which do not discuss advantages of sports but instead concentrate on debated topics instead, look at using one of the subsequent sports topics to write about modern-day difficulties. The matter of athletic fitness ought to be dealt whi ch much more strictness.

A Research About Reasons free essay sample

Although you learnt it and it may be not a very hard word to recognize, you still cannot be able to speak that word out or write it down. It seems disappear mysteriously and never exists in your head. Vocabulary is a very important element within a language as the overwhelming majority of meaning is carried lexically. There are certainly other elements such as: grammar, stress, rhythm, intonation, tone of voice, pauses, hesitations or silences, not to mention the use of non-vocal phenomena: kinesics and proteomics features (Rosa M. . In my point of view, we cannot learn any languages without knowing the vocabulary of it. It is obviously that how we can express our statuses, our feelings and how we can communicate with no word even in speaking or writing. In 1990, MAC Scratchy stated, no matter how well the student learn the lessons grammar, no matter how successfully the sounds of LA are mastered, without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in an LA Just cannot happen in any meaningful way. We will write a custom essay sample on A Research About Reasons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (LA-second language).Therefore, to find problems of being difficult to use vocabulary is one of the most necessary things to solve. Although the other factors are also important, vocabulary is definitely the first section which must be done well for learners. You must have been embarrassed at least once and felt stuck when o cannot speak the LA word out in public. So you have to replace it to another word that is not as excellent as the one before. Its all because you didnt remember that word. After reading this material, you will discover causes and solutions to defeat your vocabulary weakness.In general, the Solution for Using English Vocabulary in Speaking and Writing is completely useful for all high school students and nonprofessional English university students. However, the other university students can also apply this research in their study. As everybody seems to underestimate earning vocabulary, we usually think Just learn by heart and understand new words, thats enough. But it is wrong! Nowadays, when the standard of life is more and more increasing, people pay less attention into worrying about what to eat or what to wear anymore, conversely, they have turned to worry about their knowledge. Particularly, parents who want their children have the best education at school and they always attempt to do it, so learning second language should be a typical example of this tendency. Many years ago, Vietnamese started learning other languages like Chinese, French and above all others was English. Nevertheless, it was not popular as present and learners mainly taught themselves studying. Thank to modernization, newly imported cultures of foreign countries, we have more chance to approach and adapt it how to it becomes our advantages.Therefore, the government is trying to make LA become a criterion for citizen to raise our countrys position higher in the world. For that reason, learning other language is very essential and vocabulary should merely be taken heed the most. Lacking awareness about vocabulary importance is actually one main cause making us feel bored and hard to ND then they forget for a while. Because teachers also force them learn grammar by heart more, but require them to be good at both, Just learning and learning, they dont have time to acquire what they have Just learned.During the research process, I made a study of this and realize that there are more different methods to teach a student improve his or her learning skills. This will help us evaluate our ways to learn from the past until now, to find out which is good to develop it more and which is bad to stop and to erase from our habits. Students in Viet Name are almost good at rammer, yet they always feel they cant speak or write their LA frequently. Therefore, this research aims to a very cause vocabulary. After you improve your vocabulary knowledge, it is for sure you wont never fear this problem anymore.However, in spite of the importance of this element, vocabulary is often the least systematized and the most neglected of all the aspects of learning second language. For that reason, why do people underestimate vocabulary the English element? And How to change this thought of learners to improve their speaking and writing skills? Chapter 2: Literature Review Before we start finding the efficient ways to use vocabulary in speaking and writing, we need to clarify some questions, find out the main reason to solve it totally and then we will be better at these two skills. What is a vocabulary?According to the Collins Cobbled English Language Dictionary (1989: 1629), the vocabulary of a language is the total number of words in it and in the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary (New Eighth Edition, 2012: 1722), is all the words that a person knows or uses. About word, it is defined, a single unit of language which means something and can be spoken or written. Some people sauntered between vocabulary and word, they think they are similar, but actually not. To simplify those definitions, we can understand that vocabulary is all of the words we know and use to communicate effectively.Some of them we use in speaking or learn from reading books, some we regions when listening from the others. There are two types of vocabulary: A. Use vocabulary (active vocabulary): words you can remember and use easily. Students learn vocabulary indirectly when they hear and see words used in many different contexts, for example, through conversations with adults, through being read to, B. Recognition vocabulary (passive vocabulary): words you knew in advance but for some reasons, its hard to spell or to pronounce correctly, and you need something remind.Students learn vocabulary directly when they are explicitly taught both individual words and word-learning strategies. In fact, the use vocabulary is as large as your recognition vocabulary and when you speak or write, you do not use as many words as when you recognize it from hearing and reading at all. This is information which tells us that if we can draw the recognition and the use one together, how remarkably our speaking and writing are improved! As a student, the researcher has been through many years at school, most vocabulary I learned and varied were from English textbook (grade 6 to grade 12).However, I actually could use half of them in practicing and all of my friends were the same with me or some were even worse. According to Beck McKeon in 1991 , Early vocabulary researchers reported figures ranging from 2,500 to 26,000 words in the vocabularies of typical grade 1 students and from 19,000 to 200,000 words for college graduate students. And in two decades ago, there was considerable consensus among researchers that students added approximately 2,000 to 3,500 extinct words yearly to t heir reading vocabularies (Anderson Nagy, 1992; Angling, 1993; Beck and Smoke, 1991; White et al. , 1990).At the present time, the vocabulary size of each student must have increasing that figure more and more thanks to the help of modern technology. This is right and wrong. Although students have varied their vocabulary greatly but they are hindered partly by tissues such as types of vocabularies being considered (e. G. Active and passive vocabulary). Moreover, students have more subjects to study and to be good at all that subjects either. They o not only learn by heart other subjects theories but they also have to acquire an amount of vocabularies and grammar structures which are their second language.Therefore, learning vocabulary may become a burden for almost students and they will be bored with foreign languages lessons. The importance of vocabulary Everybody knows vocabulary knowledge plays an essential part to have a good basement when he or she learns a new language. Because it is obviously that without a basic amount of vocabulary, you cannot study language of any country well even if you are really good at its grammar. In 1997, Ellis stated, knowing the words in a piece of discourse facilitates understanding which in turn allows the grammatical patterning to become more transparent. However, course books and teachers try to focus on grammar and make it become more important than the other elements. Additionally, foreigners can catch your speech with an imperfect grammar and an enough known vocabulary. But not many people get this point, they try to study hard in grammar skill, as the results, there are many people who learn vocabulary, still underestimate the importance of it. Students need both of a great many words in heir vocabularies and the ability to use various strategies to establish t he meaning of new words when they encounter them (Fran L. , Jean O. ND Alfred H. ) Knowing a lot of words is good but not enough, all of it will be useless if you cant be able to use it appropriately and effectively. Think about some practical cases like when you want to write or speak an interesting sentence in your writing or your speech and you try to find the best word to apply in that sentence because you cant find out or cant remember it. Cannot find it out: you didnt know that word; Cannot remember it: you re lack of ability to use it immediately. Even if your grammar structure of this sentence is excellent, do not have vocabulary it still have nothing.As McCarthy stated, , No matter how well the student learn the lessons grammar, no matter how successfully the sounds of LA are mastered, without words to express a wide range of Scratchy is the author who did many researches about the importance level of vocabulary, and this status above surely prove that words of LA is the most necessary element for every learners. Thus, I believe that we should raise the awareness of students about the importance of vocabulary. And then when students aware by themselves, they can easily improve this element and have their own motivation to learn how to use it in any situation effectively.Word Poverty Main reason causing difficulties in our speaking and writing A. Word poverty: Researcher Louisa Moats refers to the gap in word knowledge between advantaged and disadvantaged children as word poverty. In her study of the language abilities of kindergarten students in a large city district, Moat found that many children were unable to name pictures that showed the meanings of words such as sewing or parachute. (Moats, 2001) It is clear that learning vocabulary is not Just about memorizing lists of words, but it also depends on methods of each learner so that they will be good or bad at their study.For that reason, vocabulary is a main root of a studying new language process, if the root is not healthy and weak, i ts tree-truck definitely will be wheeling and underdeveloped. It is the same with learners who are easily distracted or they approach their second language in a wrong way. Like the research above, children and students learn a numerous new words everyday but when they are asked about any word of their vocabulary knowledge, hey may not remember it. Most cases have started in learning vocabulary which is the first important mile, there have different levels to divide learners into different types of Word Poverty.B. Level 1 inappropriate vocabulary: using vocabulary incorrectly in given situations such as speaking or writing. This level is not too bad, those students have relative knowledge of vocabulary. However, English is a various language for learners to totally understand and acquire it, it is very difficult to get all principles of it. Therefore, in some circumstances, learners can make mistakes and apply the word in wrong position. For instance, right/left are normally used for indicating direction, but these words will not be appropriate on a ship, according to the Nautical Terms, right/left must be starboard/port.Level 2 wrong level of formality. This common error can occur to any learner. We usually use conversational English in spite of academic English in formal situations, because its hard for us to choose right words to apply our utterances or our speeches. An typical example is sit down in informal situation and be seated, ladies and gentlemen of formality. Level 3 meaningless vocabulary. There are some learners use words in a sentence improperly for two reasons. First, they translate it word to word by their mother tongue; second, they misunderstand its meaning without looking up in dictionary.The worse things are wrong grammar forms, wrong spelling or pronunciation. Word poverty will affect your speaking and writing very much if you dont change this now. Lack of vocabulary or using it illogically obviously will make your speech or your writing underestimated. Vocabulary Development Building vocabulary is a powerful way to enhance your life and career. Because articulator situations in which the learner finds himself, or might find himself, according to Wallace (1988: 16). 1. How to improve and expand vocabulary of your own. There are many ways helping you develop your vocabulary knowledge.Nevertheless, because of so many methods and so much direction which make you feel confusing to choose, in this research, I gladly give you the most six effective approaches to enhance your vocabulary. 1. Keep Learning New Words This is the great technique which many people use to develop their vocabulary knowledge. You must have known about the technique, it has one only rule: have to earn at least a word a day. Thus, if you count these numbers of words you have learnt over a years, it will support you a lot of words. Moreover, you will be more responsible for your study. . In the book Learning English Effectively, Nagyn Too Sins M. A in Bowie State University, Maryland gives us a very new ways to learn vocabulary which bases on the traditional one. He named it Percentage Formula, this method emphasizes that although there are a great amount of new words you try to learn, you also forget some of the so many words. Main reason is your brain always accounts some percentages of the total vocabulary you have Just learnt. Do not believe in the ability of memorizing of your brain totally, but cooperate with it wisely.For example, you learn 10 words a day, if you forget 20% of them, you will remember 8 words. With someone learns 15 words, if he forget 15%, he still remain 10 words. Compare with the one who learn 10 and who learn 15 words, you can realize that the more new words we learn, the less words we will miss due to the discount of your brain. Similarly, if you learn 20 and forget 40%, you will remember 12 of those words; hen you try to learn 30 or 40 words per day and you may even loose 50 or 60%, you still get 15 and 16 words in your memory. . Keep a vocabulary notebook of your own is also a good way to learn new words. Wherever you are, if you suddenly discover a strange or interesting word, you can write it down in you notebook. Obviously, you must decide what words to put in and what to say about them. Should you translate them, give definitions, give grammatical information? The decision is yours. Remy and Richard, More Than Words). 1. 2 Independent Learning This technique is probably the most efficient for learners in their long run of tidying a new language.Because it is sure that we are always apply what teacher taught us effectively, sometimes what we are self-learned is more easier for us to apply. Villa Goodies suggested five ways to study vocabulary in context: Jigsaw Readings, Guessing Meaning, Narrow Reading, Conversation, Concordance Lines. These are suitable ways to improve your vocabulary knowledge at home. He also noted that Repetition is really important for learners to do some activities so that we can remember the new words for a long time. 1. 3 Use Various Techniques (Multiple Techniques)There are some techniques such as dictionary work, word unit analysis, mnemonic devices, semantic elaboration, collocations and lexical phrases, oral production. However, if you think these ways are too complex to apply in your study, Entertainment is also a tool for both studying and relaxing, you can learn vocabularies by foreign films, songs, games.. . Reading famous novels or books can As normally, we use dictionary to look up a new word, but it is not enough for taking full advantage of it. You must have your own dictionary which depends on your currently English level.Then circle the words you look up and it is necessary to read the entire for the word you will check. One more thing is Be Aware of Words. Some people read a lot to expand their vocabulary knowledge, but they are told having a small amount of vocabularies. It is because you are not really aware of the new and hard words when you read, so you skip it. This will not give you a good result although you have been reading all the time. 1. 5 Motivation This definition is quite abstract but very essential for learners who are studying a new language.The most important factor is a successful vocabulary building tool. It is clear that without motivation, your work will not be done well or if the work can be completed, it absolutely will have no effect. Thus, when you determine what your purpose and your motivation are, I know you can enhance your vocabulary as far as you want. Vocabulary is totally an essential part of learning English. Thus, when students can control and keep expanding their knowledge of it every day, there is no door to be less confident of practicing Speaking and Writing skills anymore.Chapter 3: Methodology Subject: It is Junior high school students, and university students who dont major in English. They are almost good at grammar but lack of vocabulary which is the main reason why they can speak and write English well. These learners are the very important human resources of our country in future and their second language is good or not which will affect their future Jobs very much. Therefore, I made up my mind to choose them are my objectives. There has the same character about the researchs subjects, that is almost them take care of their second language English.Research procedure: After observing and discovering weaknesses of students about their second language-English in general. Particularly in newspaper, television news, social network pages,.. And by my friends, my acquaintances. I realized a big gap of learning English which is underestimated by most students, vocabulary knowledge. Then, I made a research and collected information about this problem from books, Internet, statistics As a result, I decided to survey a number of students in my area, The; D(RCA district, Hippie Bin high school and another number of nonprofessional English students in HÂ ¶Eng BEng University.Because these two subjects are familiar to me, they are also easy for me to survey and analyze my research. After I had the result of what I had studied, I found main reasons causing difficulties for students when they write or speak English. By particular numbers and statistics I surveyed, it proved what I had mentioned before is right. Next, I drew all information from the materials and my own experiences together, then, I made a list of tips for learners to use vocabulary more effective in speaking and writing.Sample selection: The sample technique I used to support my research is Stratified Sample. As I nonprofessional English students in university, I decided to choose my school, HÂ ¶Eng BEng University and Hippie Bin high school which I used to study at in order to carried out my research. In HÂ ¶Eng BEng University, I focus on faculties taking more interest in learning English such as business administration, information technology, finance banking, foreign relationship. In Hippie Bin high school, I made a survey with advanced classes and normal classes.Sample techniques: Stratified Sample method which is dividing the population into subgroups and then randomly selecting from among these subgroups. In this direction, I followed two important criteria, materials and method. My primary materials I used to support the research are my computer with Microsoft Excel, I chose this software to help me draw diagram more exactly and clearly; a questionnaire I made by myself with eight questions; a mathematical model is my calculator; especially is my real subjects, the students at school, without them, my research paper would be meaningless and valueless.Data collection: Through a process, I collected much information and I did surveys by myself which I use to support my research. Therefore, my data has a clear origin and it is valuable. The way I selected and collected my data is quite simple. After searching for many sources related to my topic, I went on carrying out some analyses by questionnaire, tests, observation,.. . In order to make clear problems and find the best solutions for it. The locations where took place my surveys were HÂ ¶Eng BEng university and Hippie Bin high school.Consequently, almost all objectives take their interest in my research (94. 4%). There are more than 75% who also agree the main reason causing difficulties in their speaking and writing skills is Lack of Vocabulary. And there are more than 80% people think their two skills will be nearly perfect if they improve the vocabulary knowledge. Reliability and Validity: My research paper is mainly for high school students and nonprofessional English students at university, but it can also inspire the other levels of learners.First, the validity of my researchs results and applicability is suitable and general for every learner because its particular objectives are Just a manner so that I can take more focus on and narrow my topic. For that reason, there is not only high school or nonprofessional English students can approach this research, but there are also appropriate for secondary students or advanced English students whoever has the name trouble at his speaking and writing skills. Second, this is an issue of our national education now.When students are very good at English grammar and others elements, but they cannot apply it on practice and real situations. So the research will be useful for numerous learners in our country, and it will help them a good direction in their studying. About the reliability, I make sure t hat my research paper is trustworthy. Because I did it by my best and my real ability. Sources, books, websites, and surveys are on the research which proved that it is totally from my studying process.Finally, if you depend on the results and the capability, you will realize my new ideas and easily apply in reality. Obviously in English, speaking and writing is two factors which every learner want to be good at the most. However, to be master these factors, there are some elements that the learners must control well like vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar And the result below will show you what high school and nonprofessional English university students think about their two skills. [pick] With the question, Are you good at these two skills? (speaking and writing skills), he majority of students choose so so as their final answer. There are 66,7% high school students and 50% university students who feel they are at average of speaking and writing English. Especially in the yes button answer, there are 25% high school students think they can control these skills, in the contrary, no university student is confident that they are good at both. You can see in the diagram, half of university students are so so and the other half totally think they speak and write English badly.Meanwhile, there are Just 8. 3% high school students less confidence of speaking and writing English. What is the reason why they cannot remember the word that they used to know or read before when they need it? Relating to the result above, the very annoying trouble which students meet is they are usually stuck when speaking and writing English sentence because of not knowing how to describe it by vocabulary. [pick] There are High school students and total nonprofessional English university students admit their weakness.However, some high school students can overcome this difficulty with 16,7% of them. The first and second diagram can be explained the reason why not all students easily say they are good at Speaking and Writing skills UT half of them think they are so so and there are even worse because of 50% say- no university students. The cause is only for lacking Vocabulary. Majority of students English, they know about grammar and some rules of it but lack of words makes them lessen their confidence and also feel hard to practice the skills.With the big number of nonprofession al English university students, who entirely answer no toward being good at Speaking and Writing skill, because there are many factors effecting them at the high education school university. Vocabulary knowledge is an essential element f learning this foreign language but there are more other fundamentals they need to concern either. At this position of university students, they realize grammar and rules that are Just a part not whole learning English. Next diagram and statistical numbers below will show the elements effecting learners when they study English. pick] There are five main factors in learning English, they are Vocabulary, Grammar, Pronunciation, Stress, Intonation and some extra features. At the first sight, we can find out the strongest influent element which was chosen by students at high school and University, that is Lack of Vocabulary. With 75% and 88. 9% of high school and university students choices, this percentage shows that almost students are aware of their knowledge of vocabulary. They know and understand about the element effects on their English studying time, because Vocabulary is the most basic thing when you learn a language.